Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Microbial Fuel Cell: A New Alternative Technology to Generate Electricity from Organic Matter 185 186 EN Abdolmajid Gholizadeh Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Magnetic Nanoparticle 187 195 EN Hamid Reza Pourzamani Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Nezamaddin Mengelīzadeh Environment Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Student Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Mohammad Jalil Environment Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Student Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Zahra Moosavian Department of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Introduction: Due to causing methemoglobinemia, different cancers, and teratogen effects in human nitrate contamination of water resources has become a critical environmental problem Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the optimum condition of nitrate sorption onto magnetic nanoparticle. Materials and Methods: The removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions by magnetic nanoparticles has been studied through using batch adsorption method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to characterize the synthesized Fe3O4. The effect of pH, nano-magnetic, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of nitrate, and contact time were investigated. Results: According to SEM and TEM images, the adsorbent particles were nanosized and spheroidal; the sizes were about 20–30 nm. The experiments' results indicated that the optimum adsorbent dose was 750 mg in 1000 ml of solution, with a contact time of 90 min, while the optimum pH was 9. The kinetic models for nitrate adsorption showed rapid sorption dynamics by both first-order kinetic (R2 = 0.97) and second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.96) models. Nitrate adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm than Langmuir isotherm. Conclusion: The results showed that, magnetic nanoparticles can be used as a low cost and efficient adsorbent for removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions.

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Identifying and Prioritizing Cleaner Production Strategies in Raw Materials’ Warehouse of Yazdbaf Textile Company in 2015 196 208 EN Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Raziye Montazerolfaraj Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Hakime Selsele Vaziri Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Alireza Arsalan Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Tahere Zarabie Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. Introduction: Cleaner productions in textile industry is achieved by reducing water and chemicals’ consumption, saving energy, reducing production of air pollution and solid wastes, reducing toxicity and noise pollution through many solutions. The purpose of the present research was to apply Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) and Quality Systems Planning Matrix (QSPM) techniques in identifying and prioritizing production in raw materials’ warehouse of Yazdbaf Textile Factory. Materials and Methods: In this research, effective internal and external factors in cleaner production were identified by providing the required information through field visit and interview with industry managers and supervisors of raw materials’ warehouse. Finally, To form matrix of internal and external factors 17 important internal factors and 7 important external factors were identified and selected respectively.Then, QSPM matrix was formed to determine the attractiveness and priority of the selected strategies by using results of internal and external factors and SWOT matrixes. Results: According to the results, the total score of raw materials’ warehouse in Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix is equal to 2.90 which shows the good situation of warehouse than the internal factors. However, the total score in External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix is 2.14 and indicates the relative weak situation of warehouse than the external factors. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, continuity, monitor, and improvement of the general plan of qualitative control (QC) of raw materials and laboratory as well as more emphasis on quality indexes according to its importance in the production processes were selected as the most important strategies. 

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Geogenic Arsenic Contamination in Northwest of Iran; Role of Water Basin Hydrochemistry 209 220 EN Mohammad Mosaferi School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Sepideh Nemati Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Fereydoon Armanfar Regional Water Company of East Azerbaijan Province, Office of Water Resources Quality Conservation, Tabriz, Iran. Ataollah Nadiri Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Amir Mohammadi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Introduction: Arsenic contamination of  surface and groundwater has been categorizd among high profile  environmental  problems around the world. The matter is of most concern where unsafe water is used for drinking. Sahand region reservoir in northwest of Iran supplies water for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes throught  irrigation  of 11000 hectares of lands. Materials and Methods: The hydrochemistry status of Sahand dam basin and arsenic plume distribution in water recourse was evaluated by analyzing 308 water samples from surface and ground water according to the standard methods. in addition, geological features information of basin were obtained based on recent site studies and field investigations. Results:Elevated concentrations of arsenic (range = 0-1440 ppb, mean = 171.68 ppb) were detected in water basin and dam. According to the delineating evidences, regional geological background and volcanic activities can be considered as the main sources of the natural genesis of arsenic in the study area. Conclusion: Notable amounts of arsenic sulfide were recorded in seams, gaps , fractures of limestone, marl, sandstone and an overlying ferruginous conglomerate. Concentrations of arsenic varied seasonally highlithing the maximum concentration observed in autumn and early winter (December). Seasonal fluctuations can be probably attributed to changes in geochemical conditions in sediments at the bottom of reservoir.

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Geo-statistical Distribution of Heavy Metals in Karoon River’s Soil by Geographic Information System 221 228 EN Elham Ehsani Department of Natural Resources-Environmental Engineering- Pollutions, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Abolghasem Mirhosseini Dehabadi Department of Natural Resources-Environmental Engineering- Pollutions, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Introduction: Soil has an important role in nutrient cycle and an important function in storage, refinement, and movement of nutrients for the living and non-living parts. Soil pollution of heavy metals and elements is one of the common pollution impacts of human activities, especially industry. Realization of distribution pattern of these elements and their anthropogenic sources is a major part of environmental protection plans. In the present study, concentration of two major heavy metals were investigated and mapped using geostatistical methods throughout western part of Karoon   river in Ahwaz city. Four land areas including urban areas, agricultural, industrial, and bare soils were applied. Materials and Methods: In this research, at first, 40 sample plots were determined randomly from the study area and soil samples were taken from surface layer with the depth of 20 centimeters. Afterwards, the data were entered into SAS 9.3 and Arc GIS 10.2 applications for data analysis and mapping. Results: Results showed that Pb and Cd concentrations had the lowest standard rate in western parts of city while their highest rate was in river shores, south-west, and northern parts. Hence, the soil is over polluted in these areas comparing to WHO standards. Conclusion: A significant correlation was observed between Pb and Cd elements. Regarding results achieved by the semi-variance model, it is concluded that pollutions have anthropogenic sources in this area. According to the results, most important factors of pollution in this area were smelting and steel factories as well as agricultural pesticides.

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Existance of Microbial Species in Vermicomposts Derived from Mixed Sesame Crust and Cow Manure Treatments 229 234 EN Narges Rastegari International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Hossein Karimi Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Mehdi Mokhtari Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Introduction: The presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission.Therefore , the aim of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal species present in vermicompost production. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in pilot scale in the laboratory of Public Health School in Shahid Sadoughi Univerity of Yazd. Sesame crust obtained from sesame pudding factory and cow manure mixed in three reactors with the dimension of 50 × 30 × 15 cm were used and went under the vermicompost process. Another reactor was also provided from cow manure as the control variable. Treatments were studied simultaneously during 60 days. Experiments were conducted to detect bacterial and fungal species. Results: Totally 18 species of negative-gram bacterial species, i.e., Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Paratayfi A, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia alkali Fasyns, Klebsiella oxy-Toka, Ponomonya Klebsiella, Citrobacter frondii, Citrobacter Diorsus, Serratia Marsns, Hafnya Olovia, pseudomalle Burkholderia, Enterobacter Peinous, Enterobacter Anrogenious, Enterobacter de Solonos, as well as Neisseria polysakarya, and 3 positive-gram bacterial species, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Isteria monocytogenes grew. Overally, a total of five fungi species; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium, Penicillium, yeasts, and Unknown fungal species grew. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that presence of the organism in vermicompost depends on various factors, such as the action of enzymes of gut earthworms, coelomic fluid secretion, as well as competition between different groups of microorganisms.

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Effect of Physical and Chemical Operating Parameters on Anaerobic Digestion of Manure and Biogas Production: A Review 235 247 EN Saeed Samani Majd Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Abdoli Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Abdolreza Karbassi Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Reza Pourzamani Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Masoud Rezaee Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: The need for food produced from animal husbandry has made it a growing industry which result in increment of livestock waste. On the basis of environmental and economic considerations, these materials require treatment and management. Anaerobic digestion and creation of biogas are the most effective methods of waste management. Several parameters affect the anaerobic digestion of animal wastes which should be studied in order to optimize the biogas production of reactors. Materials and Methods: The parameters affecting the performance of anaerobic processes in different scientific databases within 1984 -2016 were searched and related information were obtained. Results: A wide range of reactors with retention times of 0.5 to 140 days and organic loading rates from 0.11 to 7.5 grams per liter of organic matter in a day were studied based on the Volatile Solid (VS) in different temperature range. Also, studies conducted on mixing, co-digestion, changes in pH and ammonia content of the substrate, C/N ratio, as well as the effect of chemical interference were investigated. Conclusion: High COD removal decrease of VS were achieved in the range of 80-95 % and 65- 92 % respectively in bioreactors. The produced methane was also 48 mmol L-1 to 4681.3 m3 per month for reactors with a volume of 120 ml to 1330 m3 achieved respectively at 37 and 55˚C from the Mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Results summarized on the physical and chemical conditions in this paper, can be used to study the effective parameters and optimize conditions used in biogas production.

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2 1 2017 3 1 Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Nickel in Iran: A Systematic Review 248 256 EN Leila Tavakkoli Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Abu-Bakr Jafarnejad Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. Narges Khanjani Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Introduction: Nickel (Ni) is one of the toxic heavy metals that exposure to it has been connected with chronic respiratory complications such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and heart disease. In this research, original studies that investigated occupational or environmental exposure to Nickel and  measured nickel levels in human tissues were reviewed. Materials and Methods: In this study articles were reviewed systematically.  National databases such as SID and Magiran  as well as some international databases  including PubMed,  Web of Knowledge, Science Direct and Google Scholar were also searched; to extract studies conducted in Iran; until August 19, 2016.  Results: Based on the results, industrial  professions such as welding and plating who dealt directly with nickel were at a higher risk of contamination. In overall, residents in large polluted cities or taking dental treatments, had more nickel concentrations in their body than others. Conclusion: Considering the high nickel contamination in some industrial workers, it seems necessary to do regular surveillance in these occupational groups and avoid unnecessary exposure to nickel as much as possible. Also, safer dental material should be used in orthodontics.