Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Using Nanozymes in the Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Water Environments 2301 2303 EN Seyedeh Mahtab Pormazar Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran smp.mahtab@gmail.com Y 0000-0002-8017-7505 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16577 http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-805-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-805-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Modeling of PM10 Particulate Matter in Ahvaz City Using Remote Sensing and Meteorological Parameters 2304 2317 EN Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie Environmental Technologies Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. m.khafaie@live.com N 0000-0002-1651-3017 Mona Saeidi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Yasuj. University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran mona.saeidi64@gmail.com N 0009-0004-6831-5858 Shahin Mohammadi Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran shahingisrs@gmail.com N 0000-0002-4848-322X Hossein Marioryad Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Yasuj. University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran oryadhsn@gmail.com N 0000-0001-6554-5309 Arsalan Jamshidi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Yasuj. University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran jamshidi_a@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-3836-4446 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16579 Introduction: In recent years, remote sensing (RS) products have emerged as effective tools for monitoring air pollution. This study aims to predict the concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 10μm (PM10) using a multivariate linear regression (MLR) model, incorporating both Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) products and meteorological parameters. Material and Methods: In this study, data on PM10 concentrations, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and meteorological parameters (wind speed, temperature, humidity, and horizontal visibility) were used. The study focused on the time 15:00 each day, as this time was identified as having significant data relevance. The methodology section also consisted of three steps: 1) pairwise correlation analysis: The relationship between meteorological parameters, AOD, and PM10 was assessed using the pairwise correlation method. 2) Model development: A MLR model was developed to predict PM10 concentrations. 3) Validation: The model was validated using a separate dataset, ensuring that 70% of the data was used for training, and 30% for testing and validation. Results: The pairwise correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation (0.86) between AOD remote sensing index and PM10. The highest correlation (0.9) was observed during the spring season. The five developed equations to estimate the PM10 index yielded correlation coefficients ranging from 0.86 to 0.90. Notably, the highest correlation was achieved when AOD data and all the meteorological parameters were utilized simultaneously. These results highlighted the utility of remote sensing products and meteorological data in air quality monitoring and prediction. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a MLR model incorporating AOD and meteorological parameters can effectively predict PM10 concentrations in Ahvaz City, particularly during dust storms in hot seasons. These findings can aid policymakers and public health officials in developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of dust storms on air quality and public health. Air Pollution, Remote Sensing, Multivariable regression models, PM10 ,Particulate matter, Ahvaz City http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Knowledge, Attitude and Performance (KAP) of People regarding Microplastics as a New Health Problem in Kerman, Iran 2318 2328 EN Ismaeil Alizadeh Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ismaeil.alizadeh@yahoo.com N 0000-0001-6066-0148 Zahra Sabok Khiz Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran SabokKhiz@gmail.com N 0009-0005-8975-6158 Maryam Faraji Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran m_faraji28@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-7220-4438 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16580 Introduction: This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of people towards Microplastics (MPs). Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 500 residences in Kerman city, southeast Iran, in 2023 through a questionnaire that was designed and validated by the authors. Results: More respondents were female (65%), 18–30 years old (43%), undergraduate (48%), and students (35%), and 63% of respondents sorted garbage. Respondents had good knowledge towards general information, but not towards expert information. The highest percentage of respondents with correct answers to the knowledge questions (80%) had the knowledge about environmental pollution to MPs, causing diseases in humans. The maximum percentage of respondents agreed to the attitude questions (57%) agreed with the point that food sellers should recommend cloth bags to shoppers instead of plastic bag, and 60% of them would like to know more about MPs. In terms of practice, 41% of the respondents stated that they usually leave plastic waste in the environment. Conclusion: The current study showed that there is limited information about MPs in books and among the public. Education and offering free reusable bags were considered as the effective policies to reduce MPs pollution. Also, less environmental awareness and poor management were considered as challenges to reduce emission of MPs. Microplastics, Environmental Pollution, Public Health,Kerman City http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Fluoride Ions in Water Reservoirs of Mehriz, Iran in 2023 2329 2340 EN Ali Ghasemzadeh Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran alighasemzade967@gmail.com N 0000-0002-1522-7190 Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran mtghaneian@gmail.com N 0000-0002-6665-2226 Reza Ali Fallahzadeh Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran fallahzadeh4@yahoo.com N 0000-0003-1107-4366 Vahid Jafari Nodoshan Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran jafarivahid94@gmail.com N 0000-0003-0810-048X Hossein Fallahzadeh Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran fallahzadeh.ho@gmail.com N 0000-0001-6518-366x Arash Dalvand Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran arash.dalvand@gmail.com Y 0000-0002-6131-2169 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16581 Introduction: High concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and fluoride in drinking water can cause adverse health effects. This study aims to investigate concentration and health risks assessment of nitrate, nitrite, and fluoride ions in water reservoirs of Mehriz city and Bahadoran district. Materials and Methods: Monthly sampling was done from water reservoirs of Mehriz city and Bahadoran district for 6 months. Nitrate, nitrite, and fluoride concentrations were measured in the samples using a spectrophotometer. Then, health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were performed on the obtained data using Crystal Ball software and Monte Carlo simulation method. Results: Nitrate, nitrite, and fluoride concentrations were lower than the standard limitation in all of the studied areas. Risk assessment findings indicated that hazard quotient (HQ) values of nitrite in Miankoh-Movahedin, Bidok and Bahadoran water reservoirs were less than 1 for all age groups. HQ values of nitrate were also below 1 for all age groups except children. HQ values of fluoride in Bahadoran water reservoir were below 1 for all age groups except children. Conclusion: Health risk of consuming water containing nitrates and fluorides is high for children. Based on sensitivity analysis, the concentration of nitrate and fluoride in drinking water is the key factor in raising health risks. Reducing nitrate and fluoride concentrations in drinking water can reduce health risks in the population. Drinking Water, Health Risk Assessment, Nitrates, Fluorides,Mehriz City http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-793-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-793-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Application of Thymus Species as Natural Coagulant for Elimination of Turbidity of Water and Its Comparison with the Conventional Coagulant 2341 2353 EN Hossein Kamani Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Hossein_kamani@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-1498-9580 Leili Mohammadi Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. lailimohamadi@gmail.com N 0000-0003-1979-4800 Ali Azari Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran azari.hjh@gmail.com N 0000-0002-6004-6954 Seyed Davoud Ashrafi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran d_ashrafi@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-9726-5456 Farah Heydari Iranian Academic Center for Edueaction, Cultur and research (ACECR),Sistan and Baluchestan brach,Iran N Fatemeh Ganji Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran N Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran SMM9080@yahoo.com Y 0000-0001-9561-8011 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16582 Introduction: The most important pollutant in surface water sources is turbidity. The aim of the study is to determine the most effective thyme plant extract as a natural coagulant to remove water turbidity and compare it with alum as a chemical coagulant.. Materials and Methods: In this study, plant extracts obtained from Thymus vulgaris (Tv), Thymus kotschyanus (Tk), and Thymus eriocalyx (Te) were used as natural coagulants for elimination of water turbidity. Then, the best of plant extract was confirmed by ninhydrin and FTIR analyses and the effect of simultaneous use of plant extract with chemical coagulant of aluminum sulfate (alum) was investigated in the hybrid ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2. Then, the effect of parameters include of pH, coagulant dose, turbidity removal efficiency, and the most suitable solvent for coagulant extraction were studied. Results: The results of this study showed that among the natural coagulants, Tv had a higher efficiency in elimination of water turbidity, and the highest amounts of turbidity elimination for Tv, alum, and Tv/alum hybrid coagulants was 94, 90, and 96, respectively. According to the results of this study, the most effective solvent for preparing plant extracts was 1M KCl solvent. Conclusion: The natural coagulant removes more turbidity from water than the chemical coagulant, and the simultaneous use of natural and chemical coagulants with a 1:1 ratio was more effective. Thymus, Natural Coagulant, Water turbidity, Conventional coagulant http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Investigating the Impact of Environmental Factors on Electricity Consumption Using Spatial Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network: A Case Study in Yazd City 2354 2368 EN Alireza Sarsangi Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. alirezasarsangi@ut.ac.com N 0000-0002-8234-3917 Ara Toomanian Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran a.toomanian@ut.ac.ir Y 0000-0001-5961-5411 Najmeh Neysani Samany Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran N 0000-0002-4456-6271 Majid Kiavarz Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran N 0000-0003-0335-3795 Mohammad Hossein Saraei Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. N 0000-0003-3449-3969 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16583 Introduction: Modeling energy demand in different energy consuming sectors is a crucial measure for effective management of the energy sector and appropriate policies to increase productivity. The rising importance of energy resources in economic development is evident. Sustainable energy use is crucial for environmental protection and social progress. Understanding the factors affecting energy consumption is essential for effective energy management. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors on household electricity consumption in Yazd city. Materials and Methods: In the present research, various environmental factors affecting electricity consumption, including air pollution, air temperature in homes, ground surface temperature, and green space were investigated. The effects of these factors on electricity consumption of subscribers were investigated with ANN and  apriori methods. Results: Among the environmental factors, the distance to the regional park, the area of the park, and the amount of vegetation at a distance of 300m have the greatest impact, respectively, and the average summer air temperature, the amount of vegetation at a radius of 500 m, the distance from the local park, and the average summer NDVI have had the smallest effect. Unlike neural network methods, apriori presents relationships between parameters affecting electricity consumption transparently in the form of rules. Conclusion: It's used to identify the most frequently occurring elements and meaningful associations in a dataset. Greenspace can be a mitigation strateegy for reduction of energy consumption. Artificial neural network, Space syntax, Electricity consumption, Remote sensing, Spatial data mining,Yazd City http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Investigating the Level of Metal’s Toxicity in Used Cell Phone Batteries by TCLP and WET Methods 2369 2377 EN Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ebrahimi20007@gmail.com N 0000-0001-8542-5291 Maryam Gholami Genetic and Environmental Adventures Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Abarkouh Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Yazd, Iran gholami313114@gmail.com N 0000-0001-7310-8600 Maryam Khashij Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran M.khashij@yahoo.com N 0000-0003-0394-8369 Zahra Shamsizadeh Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Z_shamsizadeh69@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-3055-2995 Keywan Weysi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran k2.weysi@gmail.com N 0009-0007-2602-2629 Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ehram2000@yahoo.com N 0000-0002-0388-3211 Mohsen Pourafshar School of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohsen.pourafshar@ut.ac.ir N 0009-0004-0609-0526 Habibeh Nasab Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran nhabibeh1399@gmail.com Y 0000-0001-8927-1322 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16584 Introduction: Modeling energy demand in different energy consuming sectors is a crucial measure for effective management of the energy sector and appropriate policies to increase productivity. The rising importance of energy resources in economic development is evident. Sustainable energy use is crucial for environmental protection and social progress. Understanding the factors affecting energy consumption is essential for effective energy management. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors on household electricity consumption in Yazd city. Materials and Methods: In the present research, various environmental factors affecting electricity consumption, including air pollution, air temperature in homes, ground surface temperature, and green space were investigated. The effects of these factors on electricity consumption of subscribers were investigated with ANN and  apriori methods. Results: Among the environmental factors, the distance to the regional park, the area of the park, and the amount of vegetation at a distance of 300m have the greatest impact, respectively, and the average summer air temperature, the amount of vegetation at a radius of 500 m, the distance from the local park, and the average summer NDVI have had the smallest effect. Unlike neural network methods, apriori presents relationships between parameters affecting electricity consumption transparently in the form of rules. Conclusion: It's used to identify the most frequently occurring elements and meaningful associations in a dataset. Greenspace can be a mitigation strateegy for reduction of energy consumption. Batteries, Metals, Electronic waste, Environmental pollution, Toxicity,Waste Extraction Test, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-778-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-778-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 9 3 2024 9 1 Evaluating the Efficiency of Aerated Lagoon System regarding the Removal of Indicator Bacteria from Municipal Wastewater 2378 2387 EN Sara Salar Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran pargol.salar@gmail.com N 0000-0002-2643-8305 Fatimah Eftekhari Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran f.eftekhari1375@gmail.com N 0000-0002-9930-4391 Maryam Shafipour Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of medical science, Gorgan, Iran Maryam.shafipour@gmail.com N 0000-0002-8637-2280 Reza Ebrahimnia Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of medical science, Gorgan, Iran rsf57ko@gmail.com N 0000-0001-8913-4467 Ebrahim Moghadar Bandargaz, Health office, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Bandargaz, Iran Al.shahryar@gmail.com N 0000-0001-9538-2854 Seyed Abedin Moosavi Bandargaz, Health office, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Bandargaz, Iran seyedabedin.moosavi.49@gmail.com N 0000-0002-6879-8958 Hassan Safari Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of medical science, Gorgan, Iran safari@goums.ac.ir N 0000-0002-4541-6478 Navisa Sadat Seyedghasemi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. seyedghasemi_n@yahoo.com N 0000-0001-9206-6311 Ali Shahryari Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of medical science, Gorgan, Iran Dr.shahryari@goums.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-5495-7372 10.18502/jehsd.v9i3.16585 Introduction: Treatment of municipal wastewater is essential to remove bacteria. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for the removal of bacteria and using for irrigation or discharge in the Caspian Sea according to the World Health Organization (WHO) regulations. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 samples were collected from 7 stations, including the inlet and the outlet of the WWTP in Bandargaz City (Iran), the intersection point of wastewater effluent with Caspian Sea (Gorgan Bay), and a radius of 200 meters in three directions east, west, and north of the intersection point of wastewater in Gorgan Bay. The multiple-tube fermentation technique was used to enumerate bacteria, and results were expressed as the Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 ml. Results: Bacteriological analysis exhibited that the concentration of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, and Clostridium perfringens were 1.38 ×1010, 5.57 × 107, 5.53 × 109, 1.26 × 109 in inlet, and 1.38 × 1010 , 5.57 × 107, 5.53 × 109 , 1.26 × 109 in outlet of WWTP, respectively. Conclusion: The aeration lagoon has a low performance in bacteria population removal, which may be due to the climate condition of this region (few sunny days and many cloudy and rainy days). This effluent was not generally acceptable for discharge in the environment and reuse. Therefore, it is essential to modify the disinfection process to keep the concentration of bacteria under control. Additionally, continuous monitoring is necessary to control the quality of wastewater  before discharge into the environment or reuse. Environmental monitoring, Bacteria, Wastewater, Seawater, Caspian Sea http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-748-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-748-en.pdf