Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 1 1 2016 6 1 Evaluating the Efficiency of Tragacanth Coagulant Aid in Removing Colloidal Materials and Suspended Solids Creating Turbidity from Karun River Water 1 8 EN Majid Farhadi Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. N Afshin Takdastan Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Takdastan2000@yahoo.com Y Roghayeh Baghbany School of health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. N Introduction: Colloidal materials and suspended solids cause turbidity in water. To remove turbidity, clarification method is used that includes processes of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. Due to the long duration of coagulation process, coagulant aids are applied. Despite the favorable efficiency of synthetic polyelectrolytes as a coagulant aid, due to their harmful effects on human health, in this process, natural organic polymers are used instead. Materials and Methods: In this research, the use of tragacanth as a natural organic coagulant aid was studied instead of synthetic polymers in water turbidity removal along with alum and poly aluminum chloride. To compare the experiments with natural conditions, Karun River water was analyzed. To complete these studies, the effects of several factors such as tragacanth concentration, the concentration of alum and poly aluminum chloride, and pH changes in average and low turbidity were investigated. Optimum pH for turbidity removal was determined by jar testing. Results: The results showed that the best pH to remove turbidity was from 5.5 to 7, with the efficiency of 97.3%. At pH = 6 and at the concentration of 30 mg/L, poly ammonium chloride had maximum efficiency (90%). Using tragacanth with concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/L along with alum at a concentration of 40 mg/L leads to turbidity removal of 81.75%. Conclusion: Using 2 and 4 mg/L of tragacanth, a significant removal efficiency is achieved in low and average turbidity. pH = 7 leads to the most efficient use of tragacanth coagulant aid. Aluminium Compounds,Tragacanth,Coagulants,Turbidity Removal. http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 1 1 2016 6 1 The Role of Environmental Education in Increasing the Awareness of Primary School Students and Reducing Environmental Risks 9 17 EN Mohsen Hesami Arani Aran and Bidgol Health Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. N Somayeh Bagheri Department of Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, kashan University, Isfahan, Iran. baghery_edu@yahoo.com Y Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Introduction: Primary schools are children's first social environments. Other people's attitudes towards environmental hazards play a key role in developing children's personality. This study aimed to identify and assess the environmental risks (such as emission of pollutants into the air, discharge of pollutants into water and soil, energy consumption, etc.) in Shohadaye Kork female primary school in Kashan, Iran, and also to investigate the role of environmental education in the promotion of students' environmental knowledge. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, at first, environmental hazards were identified by a checklist through field visits and observing students' activities, and then they were assessed through Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) method. After that, the Risk Assessment Code 1 (RAC1) was calculated. By Considering the involved hazards, environmental education was presented and then RAC2 was calculated. Environmental awareness of 172 students was investigated by a questionnaire. SPSS V 19 was used for statistical analysis. Results: 26 environmental hazards were identified, including 22 acceptable and 4 unacceptable (critical) hazards; 21 of them could be directly resolved by proper education. The mean scores of students' environmental tests were 5 and 18.21, respectively before and after the education. After taking control of measures all hazards were placed within the acceptable range. Conclusion: Schools environmental management plays an important role in preparing students for environmental education that the results of this study showed a significant relationship between education and promotion of students' environmental awareness. Education,Risk Assessment,Students. http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 1 1 2016 6 1 Performance Evaluation of Tile Wastewater Treatment with Different Coagulants 18 27 EN Tahereh Zarei Mahmoud Abadi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. ebrahimi20007@gmail.com Y Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mehdi Mokhtari Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mohammad Hossein Salmani Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Parvaneh Talebi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate wastewater quality and the efficiency of removal of wastewater contaminants produced by a tile factory by using ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate (alum) and poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) coagulants. Materials and Methods: This is an applied study. A composite sample was taken of the wastewater production line of the factory. Wastewater characteristics including pH, EC, temperature, turbidity, TSS, TDS, TS and COD were measured in accordance with the standard methods. In the next step, the jar-test experiment was used to investigate the effect of changing doses of coagulants (0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35 g/L) and pH values (7, 9, 11) on the removal of contaminants. The effective dose and optimal pH were thus selected and the best coagulant was later determined. Results: The optimum pH of 11 was obtained for removal of contaminants by ferric chloride, ferric, ferrous sulfate and 7 for alum and PAC. The optimum concentration of the five coagulants was obtained at 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 g/L respectively. PAC, with the turbidity removal EC, TSS, TS and COD removal of 99.92%,17.74%, 99.93%, 89.8%, 75% respectively, had best performance at lower doses and alum, ferrous sulfate, chloride, ferric and ferric sulfate were placed in the next rankings. Conclusion: Among the five studied coagulants, PAC is the most effective coagulant, and then alum, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric sulfate are placed. Given that PAC is more expensive than other materials, care should be taken to select the most appropriate coagulant.   Coagulants,Wastewater Treatment,Tile Industry,Turbidity. http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 1 1 2016 6 1 Using Generation 3 Polyamidoamine Dendrimer as Adsorbent for the Removal of Pentavalent Arsenic from Aqueous Solutions 28 36 EN Zeynab Yavari Environment Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. zyavari2412@gmail.com Y Mohammad Mehdi Amin Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. N Hassan Izanloo Research Center for Environmental Pollutants and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. N Somayeh Rahimi Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. N Farzaneh Mohamadi Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. N Introduction: Arsenic is known as a carcinogenic compound in drinking water. It can cause acute and chronic effects on human health. In this study, the effect of polyamidoamine dendrimer generation 3 (PAMAM G3) as adsorbents for removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Adsorption experiment was studied in batch system and the effect of different variables such as pH, contact time, concentrations of arsenic and adsorbent dosage on adsorption was studied. Therefore, absorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were determined. Results: The results showed that adsorption process is affected by some parameters such as initial concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. The three models of isotherm including Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Radeshkuvich were studied while Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were more compliant with results. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that adsorption with dendrimer is an appropriate method with high efficiency for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Arsenic,Dendrimers,Adsorption,Aqueous Solution http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 1 1 2016 6 1 Reduction of Pathogens from Mixture of Cow Manure, Domestic Waste and Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge by Vermicomposting Process 37 42 EN Hossein Karimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mahrokh Jalili Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mohammad Rezvani Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mehdi Mokhtari Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. mokhtari@ssu.ac.ir Y Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of the produced vermicomposts and compare them with the existing standards. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one in the laboratory school. Some perishable domestic wastewater mixed in a reactor, including food waste, vegetables and fruits, cow manure and sludge from wastewater treatment plant. Tests to determine the microbial quality of the product were carried out at an early stage during the process of production and on the final product. These tests included determining the probable number of fecal coliform bacteria and parasite eggs. Results: According to the results, a significant decrease was observed in the number of fecal coliforms in sludge manure and domestic waste, as the number of fecal coliforms reduced from 5000000 (MPN / g) in the raw sample to 1500 (MPN / g), eight weeks after the outset. Moreover, according to the obtained results, the mixture of manure, sludge, and domestic waste had some parasite eggs (20 number /gr) in the raw samples. This amount was fully removed by the process of vermicomposting during the third week. Conclusion: Findings revealed that the earthworms have a high capability to reduce the pathogens without increasing in temperature, however, in order to standardize the number of coliforms (compost class A), the vermicomposting of the mixture of cow manure, domestic waste, and sludge of wastewater treatment plant is not appropriate.   Vermi Compost, Pathogen Reduction,Parasite Egg. http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2476-6267 2476-7433 1 1 2016 6 1 Removal Methods of Antibiotic Compounds from Aqueous Environments– A Review 43 62 EN Zahra Derakhshan Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mehdi Mokhtari Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Fatemeh Babaei Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Roya Malek Ahmadi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. N Mohammad Faramarzian Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. mfaramarzi1985@gmail.com Y Introduction: Antibiotics as a type of pharmaceutical compounds are widely used in modern medicine and veterinary industries. They enter the environment in different ways, including agricultural runoff, direct discharge of urban wastewater treatment or human waste, direct disposal of medical, veterinary industrial waste and to name but a few. Antibiotics have been able to influence the microbial population. Their continuous presence in the environment can lead to bacterial resistance and in recent years, the issue has caused serious concerns in the scientific community. Materials and Methods: Unfortunately, in spite of the extensive investigations, there is still a considerable lack of integrated and classified information to assess the environmental risks of antibiotics. Therefore, in the current study, the removal of these compounds from aqueous solutions was studied. This study was carried out on the basis of surveys accomplished in recent decades and also the ones published in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Springer, Magiran and SID using anti-bacterial agents, antibiotic, wastewater and removal methods as the keywords. Results: Advanced treatment processes such as ozonation, advanced oxidation, activated carbon, Nano filtration and reverse osmosis can remove higher levels of antibiotics. Conclusion: Generally, the biological and chemical processes alone are not effective for antibiotics' removal from aquatic environments while combination of advanced oxidation and biological treatment processes can effectively reduce the amount of antibiotic.   Antibiotic Removal,Aqueous Solution,Environment. http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf