The Interaction between Diet and Air Pollution in Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Introducing Yazd Health Study 2 63 65 2016/04/16 1395/1/28 2016/08/10 1395/5/20 Amin Salehi-Abargouei Amin Salehi-Abargouei Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Masoud Mirzaei Masoud Mirzaei Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran mmirzaei@ssu.ac.ir 1. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature. 2001;414(6865):782-7. PubMed PMID: 11742409.##2. Yach D, Stuckler D, Brownell KD. Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Nat med. 2006; 12(1): 62-6. PubMed PMID: 16397571.##3. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21(9): 1414-31. PubMed PMID: 9727886.##4. Harris MI, Flegal KM, Cowie CC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21(4): 518-24. PubMed PMID: 9571335.##5. Esteghamati A, Etemad K, Koohpayehzadeh J, et al. Trends in the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in association with obesity in Iran: 2005-2011. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014; 103(2): 319-27. PubMed PMID: 24447808.##6. Maghsoudi Z, Ghiasvand R, Salehi-Abargouei A. Empirically derived dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on prospective observational studies. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(2):230-41. PubMed PMID: 25917191.##7. Rajagopalan S, Brook RD. Air pollution and type 2 diabetes: mechanistic insights. Diabetes. 2012; 61(12): 3037-45. PubMed PMID: 23172950. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3501850.##8. Magliano DJ, Loh VH, Harding JL, et al. Persistent organic pollutants and diabetes: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Diabetes Metab. 2014; 40(1): 1-14. PubMed PMID: 24262435.##9. Romieu I, Castro-Giner F, Kunzli N, et al. Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review. Eur Respir J. 2008; 31(1): 179-97. PubMed PMID: 18166596.##10. Alzaid AA, Dinneen SF, Turner ST, et al. Lack of correlation between sodium-lithium countertransport activity and insulin action in non- insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab. 1995; 2(4): 269-74.##11. Alsuwaida A. Effect of salt intake on blood pressure in diabetic hypertensive patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2007; 28(6): 909-12. PubMed PMID: 17530109. Epub 2007/05/29. eng.##12. Lotfi MH, Saadati H, Afzali M. Prevalence of diabetes in people aged ≥ 30 years: the results of screen-ing program of Yazd Province, Iran, in 2012. J Res Health Sci. 2013; 14(1): 88-92.##13. Esteghamati A, Gouya MM, Abbasi M, et al. prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the adult population of Iran national survey of risk factors for non-communicable diseases of Iran. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(1): 96-8.##14. Harati H, Hadaegh F, Saadat N, et al. Population-based incidence of Type 2 diabetes and its associated risk factors: results from a six-year cohort study in Iran. BMC public health. 2009;9(1):186.##15. Afkhami M, Vahidi S, Vahidi A,et al. Epidemiological survey of NIDDM in persons over 30-year old in Yazd province. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2001;9:22-7. [In persian]##16. Dehghani Tafti AA, Ehrampoush MH, Mashahiri MR, et al. The role of screening program on early diagnostic of diabetes in Yazd Azad Shahr. J Res Health Sci. 2011; 3(1): 15-9.##17. Azimi-Nezhad M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Parizadeh M, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran and its relationship with gender, urbanisation, education, marital status and occupation. Singapore Med J. 2008; 49(7): 571.##18. Sadr BS, Rafiei M, Namayandeh S, et al. Prevalence and criteria of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Yazd Healthy Heart Project. 2007.##19. Mokhtari M, Miri M, Mohammadi A, Khorsandi H, Hajizadeh Y, Abdolahnejad A. Assessment of air quality index and health impact of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 in Yazd, Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2015; 25(131): 14-230.##20. Bahrami D, Mirzaei M, Salehi-Abargouei A. Dietary behaviors of elderly people residing in central Iran: A preliminary report of Yazd health study (YAHS). Elderly Health Journal. 2016; 2(1): 6-13.## #### ##

Evaluation the Correlation between Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids with other Chemical Parameters in Yazd Wastewater Treatment Effluent Plant 2 2 Introduction: Expensive chemical tests are usually applied to control the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. However, the cost of measuring these parameters is one of the challenges of the wastewater treatment plants. Using statistical methods has been evaluated for possibility of calculating expensive parameters by measuring the inexpensive parameters in this study. Materials and Methods: Initial sample number in this study was 87 cases that were collected from SBR effluent treatment plants of Yazd as a routine sampling for two years in March 2013 to March 2015. Total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity parameters were defined as independent variables and twelve parameters including BOD5, COD, TKN, NH3+, NO3-, NO2-, TP, TH, Ca2+, Mn2+, alkalinity, and color were the dependent variables. Spearman test was used to investigate the significant relationship between independent and dependent variables. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the linear equation between TSS and turbidity as independent variables with BOD5, COD, TKN, NH3-, NO2-, TP and color as dependent variables. Results: The results of the regression equations in relation to turbidity and TSS with independent variables showed that the R value for color, TKN, NH3+, BOD5, COD, TP, and NO2- were 0.942 , 0.931 , 0.91 , 0.905 , 0.874 , 0. 872 and 0.86 respectively from the highest to the lowest. Conclusion: The measured values of BOD5, COD, TKN, TP, NO2-, NH3+, and color in laboratory were very close to those predicted through regression equations. Therefore, regression equations created in this study can be used to calculate expensive parameters. 66 74 2016/04/162017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/9 1396/5/18 Ali Nikoonahad Ali Nikoonahad Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran ebrahimi20007@gmail.com Elyas Nikoonahad Elyas Nikoonahad Islamic Azad university of Zahedan,Zahedan, Iran. Iran Seyed Vahid Ghelmani Seyed Vahid Ghelmani Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Iran Amir Mohammadi Amir Mohammadi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Sequencing Batch Reactor Turbidity Total Suspended Solids Yazd City Chemical Parameter 1. US Environmental protection Agency. Manual of guidelines for water reuse. EPA/600/R-12/6181. Cincinnati: Center for Environmental Research Information; 2012##2. Ustün GE, Solmaz SKA, Ciner F, et al. Tertiary treatment of a secondary effluent by the coupling of coagulation flocculation disinfection for irrigation reuse. Desalination, 2011; 277(1-3): 207-12.##3. Lee CW, Bae SD, Han SW, et al. Application of ultrafiltration hybrid membrane processes for reuse of secondary effluent. Desalination. 2007; 202(1-3): 239-46.##4. Igbinosa EO, Okoh AI. Impact of discharge wastewater effluents on the Physico – Chemical quality of a receiving watershed in a typical rural community. Int J Environ SciTechnol. 2009; 6(2): 175- 82.##5. Song Z, Zheng Z, Li J, et al. Seasonal and annual performance of a full-scale constructed wetland system for sewage treatment in China. Ecol Eng. 2006; 26(3):272-82.##6. Ehrampoush M, Shahsavani E, Samaie M, et al. Phosphorus modeling in YAZD facultative pond. Toloo-e-Behdasht. 2011; 10(2): 11-24.[In persian]##7. Almasi A, Hashemian A, Amirpour E, et al. An Estimation of water consumption, wastewater generation and its biodegradability per capita, based on social income and meteorological temperature in Kermanshah. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2010; 3(1): 110-30.[In persian]##8. Jaafarzadeh Haghighifard N, Mehrabani Ardekani M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, et al. Optimization of moving bed biofilm reactor using Taguchi method. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2009; 2(1): 1-14.[In persian]##9. Mostafaii Gh, Miranzadeh MB, Khodadadi R, et al. The correlation between physiochemical parameters and microbial quality of the activated sludge effluent. Available from: http:// swest. tpww.ir/ abfa_content/ media/ image/ 2015/ 01/ 32733_orig.pdf. [Cited Aug 22, 2016]##10. Boudaghpour S, Mir Bagheri A, Mirza Fashami O. Minimization of sludge in wastewater treatment plants activated sludge by optimizing the treatment parameters. Journal of Environmental Science and technology. 2006; 8(2): 69-77##11. Fadaei A, Kheri S, Nejafi A, et al. Investigation on bio kinetic coefficients for making biological treatment of wastewater treatment plants in cold regions. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 15(6): 41-52.[In persian]##12. Kor Y, Zazoli M, Keramat S, et al. Survey of performance and optimizing methods of aerated lagoons of bandargaz wastewater treatment plants. Toloo-e-Behdasht. 2009, 8(1-2): 46-53. [In persian]## #### ##

Assessment of Airborne Asbestos Fibers Concentration in Yazd City in Summer 2015 2 2 Introduction: Today, have been approved scientifically relationship between presence of asbestos fibers in the human respiratory area and malignant diseases such as lung advanced fibrosis (Asbestosis), gastrointestinal, lung and Laryngeal cancers. The aim of this study was the determination of asbestos fibers concentration in Yazd city’s air in the summer of 2015. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study in which 13 high-traffic points of Yazd city were selected for asbestos sampling. Sampling was conducted in the summer in two stages using SKC pump. In total were collected 26 samples from the high traffic points of Yazd city. Also for the counting of asbestos fibers was used scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: In the current research, the highest and the lowest concentration of asbestos fibers were related to Shohadayemehrab square (0.02131fiber/ml) and Azadshahr (0.00112 fiber/ml) respectively. Qualitative analysis of asbestos fibers by SEM showed that 75% of the samples were asbestos fibers and the other was non-asbestos fibers. Conclusion: The present study showed that the average of asbestos fibers concentration in total sampling stations (0.00848 fiber/ml) was higher than WHO guidelines (2.2 × 10-3 fiber/ml). The main reason for the presence of these fibers in the air of Yazd city can be attributed to brake pad, clutch and automobile gasket adhesive. 75 81 2016/04/162017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 Mehdi Mokhtari Mehdi Mokhtari Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Negar Jafari Negar Jafari Environmental Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Amir Mohammadi Amir Mohammadi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Ali Abdolahnejad Ali Abdolahnejad Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran abdolahnejad.a@gmail.com Yaghob Hajizadeh Yaghob Hajizadeh Environmental Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Hamideh Niknazar Hamideh Niknazar Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Airborne Asbestos Scanning Electron Microscopy Yazd City. 1. Gualtieri AF, Mangano D, Gualtieri ML, et al. Ambient monitoring of asbestos in selected Italian living areas. J Environ Manage. 2009; 90(11): 3540-52.##2. Jafari N, Abdolahnejad A, Ebrahimi A, et al. Geographic information system based noise study in crowded areas of Isfahan city in 2010-2011. Int J Environ Health Eng. 2015; 4(1): 24.##3. Kakooei H, Marioryad H. Evaluation of exposure to the airborne asbestos in an automobile brake and clutch manufacturing industry in Iran. Regul Toxicol Pharm. 2010; 56(2): 143-7.##4. Lotfi V, Rasoulzadeh Y, Moattar F,et al. Survey of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations in High Traffic Areas of Tabriz. Medical Journal of Tabriz University Medical Sciences. 2013; 35(2): 78-83.##5. Ansari FA, Ahmad I, Ashquin M, et al. Monitoring and identification of airborne asbestos in unorganized sectors, India. Chemosphere. 2007; 68(4): 716-23.##6. Sullivan JB, Krieger GR. Clinical environmental health and toxic exposures. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.##7. Kakooei H, Meshkani M, Azam K. Ambient monitoring of airborne asbestos in non-occupational environments in Tehran, Iran. Atmos Environ. 2013; 81: 671-5.##8. Marioryad H, Kakooei H, Shahtaheri SJ, et al. Assessment of airborne asbestos exposure at an asbestos cement sheet and pipe factory in Iran. Regul Toxicol Pharm. 2011; 60(2): 200-5.##9. Berry G, Newhouse ML. Mortality of workers manufacturing friction materials using asbestos. Br J Ind Med. 1983; 40(1): 1-7.##10. Mokhtari M, Miri M, Mohammadi A, et al. Assessment of air quality index and health impact of PM10, PM2. 5 and SO2 in Yazd, Iran. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2015; 25(131): 14-23.##11. Pastuszka JS. Emission of airborne fibers from mechanically impacted asbestos-cement sheets and concentration of fibrous aerosol in the home environment in Upper Silesia, Poland. J Hazard Mater. 2009; 162(2): 1171-7.##12. Nicholson W, Landrigan P. Asbestos: a status report. Curr Issues Public Health. 1996; 2: 118-23.##13. Kakooei H, Normohammadi M. Asbestos exposure among construction workers during demolition of old houses in Tehran, Iran. Ind Health. 2014; 52(1): 71.##14. Kakooei H. Evaluation of on breathing asbestos fibers in the fields of police officers in Tehran. Traffic Manage Stud J. 2009;4(13): 1-10.##15. Naghavi M. Iranian annual of national death registration report. Tehran; Ministry Of Health And Medical Education, 2005.##16. Kakooei H, Sameti M, Kakooei AA. Asbestos exposure during routine brake lining manufacture. Ind Health. 2007; 45(6): 787-92.##17. Epstein SS. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to manasbestos, Vol 14, Lyon: IARC; 1977.##18. WHO. Air quality guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Publications, Regional Office for Europe; 1987.##19. Lim HS, Kim JY, Sakai K, et al. Airborne asbestos and non-asbestos fiber concentrations in non-occupational environments in Korea. Ind Health. 2004; 42(2): 171-8.##20. Lajoie P, Bélanger M. Asbestos Fibres in Indoor and Outdoor Air: The Situation in Québec.Quebec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec; 2005.##21. WHO. Chrysotile asbestos. Geneva: Environmental Health Criteria; 1998. Report No. 203.##22. Brake pads containing asbestos is a toxic substance: Ministry of Health and Medical Education 2012 Available from: http://www. webda. ir [Cited Agust 9, 2012].##23. Carlin DJ, Larson TC, Pfau JC, et al. Current research and opportunities to address environmental asbestos exposures. Environ Health Perspect. 2015; 123(8): A194.##24. Mensi C, Riboldi L, De Matteis S, et al. Impact of an asbestos cement factory on mesothelioma incidence: Global assessment of effects of occupational, familial, and environmental exposure. Environ Int. 2015; 74: 191-9.##25. HSE. Methods for the determination of hazardous substances (MDHS) guidance, 1998.##26. IARC. IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, polynuclear aromatic compounds. pt. 4: bitumens, coal-tars and derived products, shale-oils and soots. 1985.##27. Searl A. A review of the durability of inhaled fibres and options for the design of safer fibres. Ann Occup Hyg. 1994; 38(6): 839-55.## #### ##

Determination of a Statistical Model to Predict COD and TKN from the BOD5 and NH4+ Results 2 2 Introduction: The development of an appropriate model for the quality control of an industrial wastewater treatment system can save the time as well as the cost. This study was performed to determine an appropriate model in order to predict the COD and TKN parameters by BOD5 and NH4+ in the Meybod industrial estate wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Materials and Methods: This descriptive – analytical study was performed on 120 samples of the influent and effluent of the industrial estate wastewater treatment plant in Jahan Abad, Meybod, Yazd in 2015. The studied parameters were BOD5, TKN, COD, and NH4+. After measuring, they were imported to SPSS and Excel software to determine the relationship between them and then the linear regression model of the statistical method was used. Results: The predictive results of COD values on the basis of BOD5 in the regression model showed that the coefficient of determination was 0.88 and the correlation coefficient was 0.93 (p = 0.00) for this relationship. The prediction of TKN values on the basis of NH4+ in the regression model showed that for this relationship the determination coefficient of TKN and NH4+ influent parameters was 0.87 and the correlation coefficient was 0.93 (p = 0.00). Conclusion: This study represented that using the linear regression model for predicting COD and TKN values through BOD5 and NH4+ was in close accordance with the laboratory data and can thus be applied when the Meybod industrial estate WWTP faces time limitations or sampling problems. 82 90 2016/04/162017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 Parvaneh Talebi Hematabadi Parvaneh Talebi Hematabadi Department of Natural Recourses Engineering, Branch of Environmental Pollution, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran. Iran Hadi Zarei Mahmoud Abadi Hadi Zarei Mahmoud Abadi Department of Environment, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran. Iran hadyzarei@yahoo.com Hadi Eslami Hadi Eslami Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Iran Quality Control Wastewater Predict Parameter Statistical Model Yazd City 1. Hong Y-ST, Rosen MR, Bhamidimarri R. Analysis of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a neural network-based pattern analysis. Water Res. 2003; 37(7): 1608-18.##2. Zazouli MA, Ghahramani E, Ghorbanian AlahAbad M et al. Survey of activated sludge process performance in treatment of agghala industrial town wastewater in Golestan province in 2007. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2010; 3(1): 59-66.[In persian]##3. Piadeh F, Moghaddam MRA, Mardan S. Present situation of wastewater treatment in the Iranian industrial estates: Recycle and reuse as a solution for achieving goals of eco-industrial parks. Resources, Conserv Recycl. 2014; 92: 172-8.##4. Vega E, Lesikar B, Pillai SD. Transport and survival of bacterial and viral tracers through submerged-flow constructed wetland and sand-filter system. Bioresour technol. 2003; 89(1): 49-56. ##5. Shahi DH, Eslami H, Ehrampoosh M, et al. Comparing the efficiency of Cyperusalternifolius and Phragmitesaustralis in municipal wastewater treatment by subsurface constructed wetland. Pak J Biol Sci. 2013; 16(8): 379.##6. Eslami H, Hematabadi PT, GhelmaniSV,et al. The performance of advanced sequencing batch reactor in wastewater treatment plant to remove organic materials and linear alkyl benzene sulfonates. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences. 2015; 7(3): 33-9.##7. Mohsen MS, Jaber JO. Potential of industrial wastewater reuse . Desalination. 2003; 152(1): 281-9.##8. Chong S, Sen TK, KayaalpA,et al. The performance enhancements of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for domestic sludge treatment–A State-of-the-art review. Water res. 2012; 46(11): 3434-70.##9. Abbasi T, Abbasi S. Formation and impact of granules in fostering clean energy production and wastewater treatment in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2012; 16(3): 708-12.##10. Zhang B, Liu Y, Tian C, et al. A bibliometric analysis of research on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) from 1983 to 2012. Scientometrics. 2014; 100(1): 189-202.##11. Kim HS, Gellner JW, Boltz JP,et al. Effects of integrated fixed film activated sludge media on activated sludge settling in biological nutrient removal systems. Water Res. 2010; 44(5): 1553-61.##12. Moretti P, Choubert J, Canler J, et al. Understanding the contribution of biofilm in an integrated fixed-film-activated sludge system (IFAS) designed for nitrogen removal. Water Sci Technol. 2015; 71(10):1500-6.##13. Mjalli FS, Al-Asheh S, Alfadala H. Use of artificial neural network black-box modeling for the prediction of wastewater treatment plants performance. J Environ Manage. 2007; 83(3): 329-38.##14. Harremoës P, Capodaglio A, Hellström B, et al. Wastewater treatment plants under transient loading–performance, modelling and control. Water Sci Technol. 1993; 27(12):71-115.##15. Park S, Han CA nonlinear soft sensor based on multivariate smoothing procedure for quality estimation in distillation columns. Comput Chemical Engin. 2000; 24(2): 871-7.##16. Akratos CS, Papaspyros JN, Tsihrintzis VA. An artificial neural network model and design equations for BOD and COD removal prediction in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Chem Eng J. 2008; 143(1): 96-110.##17. .Gikas GD, Tsihrintzis VA, Akratos CS. Performance and modeling of a vertical flow constructed wetland–maturation pond system. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2011; 46(7): 692-708.##18. Aizenchtadt E, Ingman D, Friedler E. Quality control of wastewater treatment: A new approach. Eur J of Oper Res. 2008; 189(2):445-58.##19. APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2005.##20. Baraee I, Farzadkia M, JafarzadehN,et al. Study on the application of wastewater treatment of abadan industrial estate for stabilizing ponds. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2013 09/23; 15(3): 23-30.##21. Naddafi K, Vaezi F, Farzadkia M, et al. Study of aerated lagoons in treating industrial effluent from industrial Bou-ali zone in Hamedan. Journal of Water and Wastewater. 2005; 16(2): 47-53.[In persian]##22. Khorasani N, Shahbazi A, Sartaj M, et al. Application of regression models in estimation of urban runoff pollution load. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources. 2004; 57(2): 479-90.##23. Oliveira-Esquerre KP, Seborg DE, Mori M, et al. Application of steady-state and dynamic modeling for the prediction of the BOD of an aerated lagoon at a pulp and paper mill: Part II. Nonlinear approaches. Chem Eng J. 2004; 105(1): 61-9.##24. Akratos CS, Papaspyros JN, Tsihrintzis VA. Total nitrogen and ammonia removal prediction in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: use of artificial neural networks and development of a design equation. Bioresource Technol. 2009; 100(2): 586-96.## #### ##

Helping HSE Team in Learning from Accident by Using the Management Oversight and Risk Tree Analysis Method 2 2 Introduction: The effects of accidents vary from minor injuries to fatalities and from insignificant damage to severe damage to the environment and property. In order to prevent accidents in the work place, the root causes of and events should be identified using a systematic method and the results should be published. The current study aims to investigate the given causes of an accident in order to implement preventive actions in accidents and similar organizations. Materials and Methods: In this case study, after choosing the main event; to analyze the accidents, at first a set of questions in Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) were answered. By answering the questions, the final events, and the inappropriate management risks (color-coded red) followed by the leading causes of the accident were identified. Results: After analyzing the given accident, 22 inappropriate final events (color-coded red) and 4 assumed risks were identified. Of the total 12 identified basic causes, about 75 % were classified as the management policies and decision makings group, 17 % as the individual factors, and 18 % as the environmental factors group. Conclusion: The analysis using MORT method helped the organization with learning lessons from the accident especially at the management level. In order to prevent the similar and dissimilar accidents, the inappropriate informational network within the organization, inappropriate operational readiness, lack of proper implementation of work permit, the inappropriate and lack of updated technical information systems regarding equipments and working process, and the inappropriate barriers should be considered in a special way. 91 99 2016/04/162017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 Iraj Mohammadfam Iraj Mohammadfam Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Iran Samaneh Mohseni Samaneh Mohseni University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran Mohammad Sadegh Sohrabi Mohammad Sadegh Sohrabi Department of Industrial Design, School of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Iran Mohsen Hesami Arani Mohsen Hesami Arani Environmental Health Engineering, Kavir Steel Complex, Aran Bidgol, Iran. Iran Habib Allah Rezapour Habib Allah Rezapour Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Iran habib.rezapour@gmail.com Accident Analysis Management Prevention. 1. Ghamari F, Mohammad beige A. Epidemiological survey of occupational accidents and related factors in azarab factory from 2004 to 2006. A research project in Arak University of Medical Science; 2007.##2. International Labour Organization. Safety and health at work: a vision for sustainable prevention. Paper presented at: XX world congress on safety and health at work. 2014 Aug 24-27; Frankfurt, Germany. ##3. Amoozad khalili H, Maleki A, Tavakoli moghadam R. Explanation and analysis of risk factors in safety management of mining industry. Paper presented at Second international HSE conference. 2009; Tehran, Iran.##4. Sklet S. Methods for accident investigation. Norweigian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim; 2002. Available from: http://frigg.ivt.ntnu.no/ross/reports/accident.pdf. [Cited Sep 18, 2016 ]##5. Kletz TA. Learning from accidents. 3rd ed. Oxford: Gulf Professional; 2001.##6. Reese CD. Accident/ incident prevention techniques, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2011. ##7. Alvarado-Corona R, Mota-Hernández C, Félix-Hernández JL. What can be learnt from past disasters? Analysis of the mw 8.8 mega earthquake of central chile with MORT. Jordan J Earth and Environ Sci. 2014; 6(1): 1–7. ##8. Appicharla SK. Analysis and modelling of space shuttle challanger accident using management oversight and risk tree (MORT). Paper presented at: 7th IET International Conference on System Safety. 2012 Oct 15-18; Edinburgh,UK.##9. Appicharla S. Modelling and analysis of Herefordshire level crossing accident using management oversight and risk tree ( MORT ). Paper presented at: 6th IET International Conference on system safety.2011 Sep 20-22; Birmingham, UK.##10. Santos-Reyes J, Alvarado-Corona R, Olmos-Peña S. Learning from tabasco’s floods by applying MORT. Safety Science. 2010; 48(10): 1351–60. ##11. Santos-Reyes J, Olmos-Peña S, Alvarado-Corona R, et al. Applying MORT to the analysis of the “Tláhuac” incident. Reliab Eng Syst Saf. 2009; 94(10): 1547–56. ##12. Frei R, Kingston J, Koornneef F et al. NRI-1 NRI MORT user’s manual. 2nd ed. Noordwijk Risk Initiative Foundation, The Netherlands. 2009. Available from: http://www.nri. eu.com/ NRI1. pdf [Cited: Sep 18, 2016 ]##13. Frei R, Kingston J, Koornneef F et al. NRI-2 NRI MORT CHART. 2nd ed. 2009. Available from: http://www.nri.eu.com/NRI2.pdf [Cited Sep 19, 2016].##14. Cheremisinoff NP. Practical guide to industrial safety: Methods for process safety professionals. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2000. ##15. Reese CD. Occupational health and safety management: A practical approach, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008.##16. Reese CD. Industrial safety and health for goods and materials services. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008. ##17. Asia industrial gases association. Incident/Accident investigation and analysis. 2005; Available from: http://www.asiaiga.org [Cited: Sep 18, 2016 ].## #### ##

Feasibility of Using Dried Sudge from Wastewater Treatment Plant in Yazd for Agricultural Purposes Based on Environmental Protection Agency Standards 2 2 Introduction: One of the methods for disposal of sludge is its usage as fertilizer on agricultural. The purpose of this study was to analyze the possibility in the application of sludge to agricultural, according to environmental standards. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted for 12 months on dried sludge wastewater treatment plant in Yazd. Monthly sampling and tests were performed on samples in all four seasons of winter, spring, summer, and fall, thus, totally 24 samples were collected. The physical, chemical, fertilizer values, microbiological characteristics, and metal of the sludge were measured and their mean were compared with EPA standards. Results: The results showed that the mean of pH, TS, moisture, and organic material in the sludge were 6.58, 58.31%, 11.37 %, 33.09 % respectively and they were in a normal range. The mean of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium and potassium, were 61.5%, 5.47%, 4.34%, 0.43%, 0.42%, respectively which only sodium was in the range and the rest exceeded it. The mean of coliform and fecal coliform were 15062 and 2655 (MPN/g), respectively and the mean of parasite eggs per 4 g/dry sludge in the four seasons was 3. The mean of metals, namely lead, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper were 19.64, 47.57, 864.23, 89.06, and 146.26 mg / kg.dry solid, respectively. Conclusion: Results of the study showed that the sludge wastewater treatment in Yazd was in the range of EPA standards for Class B. 100 108 2016/04/162017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 Akbar Salehi Vaziri Akbar Salehi Vaziri Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Meybod, Yazd, Iran. Iran Hadi Zarei Mahmoudabadi Hadi Zarei Mahmoudabadi Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran. Iran hadyzarei@yahoo.com Sludge Standard Chemical Quality Microbial Quality. 1. Mirhosseini GB, Alavi moghaddam MR, Maknon R. Investigation of application of tehran municipal WWTPs’ dried sludge in agriculture. J Environ Sci. 2007; 4(4): 47-56.##2. Metcalf E, Eddy H. Wastewater engineering; treatment, disposal, reuse. New York: Mc Graw-Hill book Co; 1991.##3. Yan S, Subramanian S, Mohammadi RD, et al. Wastewater sludge as a raw material for bio pesticides production-impact of seasonal variations. Journal of Residuals Science & Technology. 2007; 4(4): 179-84.##4. Farzadkia M. Investigation of sludge stabilization and reuse in four small treatment plants of Tehran city. Science Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. 2002; 9(2): 51-5.##5. Farzadkia M, Taherkhani H. Evaluation of sludge management in sewage treatment plant in hamadan province. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2005; 15(47): 19-25.##6. Farzadkia M, Mahvi AH. Comparison of extended aeration activated sludge process and activated sludge with lime addition method for biosolids stabilization. Pak J Biol Sci. 2004; 7: 2061–5.##7. Spinosa L. Sludge management: current questions and future prospects. proceedings of the iwa specialist conference on facing sludge diversities: challenges, risks and opportunities. 2007 Mar 28-30; Antalya, Turkey. Antalya: Turkey; 2007.##8. Rahmani R, Moayeri M, Mazaheri Kohanestany, et al. Identify some characteristics of quality and concentration of heavy metals in sewage sludge drying treatment plant Shahinshahr Esfahan. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2014; 16(2): 56-66.##9. Xingzhong Y, Huajun H, Guangming Z, et al. Total concentrations and chemical speciation of heavy metals in liquefaction residues of sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol. 2011;102:4104–10.##10. Bina B, Movahedian H, Amini A. Evaluation of potentially harmful substances in dried sludge of Isfahan wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Water & Wastewater.2004; 49: 34-42.##11. Bolan NS, Duraisamy VP. Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on immobilization and phyto-availability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies. Aust J Soil Res. 2003; 41: 533-55.##12. EPA. Environmental regulations technology: control of patogens and vector attrition in sewage sludg. EPA/G25/R-92/03. 1992.##13. Pescod MB. Wastewater treatment and Use in agriculture. Rome: FAO of the United Nations, Rome; 1992.##14. Öğleni N, Ozdemir S. Pathogen reduction effects of solar drying and soil application in sewage sludge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 2010; 34: 509-15.##15. Mesdaghinia AR, PanahiAkhavan M, Naddafi K, et al. Waste sludge characteristics of a wastewater treatment plant compared with environmental standards. Iran J Public Health. 2004; 33(1): 5-9.##16. Takdastan A, Vahedian H, Bina B. Evaluation of digested sludge sanitary indices in Isfahan wastewater treatment plant and comparing to environmental standard for reusel. Journal of Water & Wastewater. 1999; 36(3): 18-24.[In Persian].##17. Farzadkia M, Norieh N. Efficiency aerobic digestion for sludge stabilization in sarkan wastewater treatment plant. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of medical Sciences & Health Services. 2003; 10(4): 31-7.[In Persian]##18. APHA, AWWA, WEF. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater, 22th ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2012.##19. Ociepa-Kubicka A, Pachura P. Wykorzystanie osadów ściekowych i kompostu w nawożeniu roślin energetycznych na przykładzie miskanta i ślazowca. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 2013; 15(3): 2267-78.##20. Institute of standards and industrial research of Iran. (ISIRI 13320 1st edition). Compost Sampling and Physical and Chemical Test Methods, 2011.##21. Akhbary M, Alavi Moghadam MR. Evaluation standard EPA America on the use of sludge of wastewater treatment plants on agricultural lands. Paper presented at: 12th Conference of Omran students across the country; 2004; Bushehr, Iran.[In Persian]##22. Charles P, Gerba E, James E, et al. Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes. J Environ Qual. 2005; 34(1): 42-8.##23. Pourmand H, Leili M, Shokouhi R, et al. The assessment of water treatment plant sludge properties and the feasibility of its reuse according to environmental standards: Shahid Beheshti water treatment plant case study, Hamadan. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of medical Sciences & Health Services. 2016; 23(1): 57-64.[In persian]##24. Farzadkia M, Mirzaiee R, Ghaffarkhani M, et al. Microbial quality assessment of disposal effluent and sludge from four decentralized wastewater. Journal of Health in the Field. 2013; 1(3): 24-30.##25. Asadi Ardali H, Sadeghi M, Hassani AH, et al. Feasibility of using the dried sludge by municipal wastewater treatment with activated sludge process. J Res Health Syst. 2010; 6(3): 407-16.## #### ##

Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Health Volunteers' in Cutting down Paper Consumption, Yazd 2 2 Introduction: Today, the growing amount of paper consumption and consequently deforestation and environmental destruction have imposed financial burden on different countries around the world. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of Yazd health volunteers on cutting down the consumption of paper. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted on 120 health volunteers of Shahid Sadoughi university of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 2015. A self-made questionnaire containing demographic, knowledge, attitude, and performance questions was applied as the data collection tool. The data was imported into SPSS software V.18 and analyzed with t-test and ANOVA statistical tests. Results: The participants' knowledge about importance of paper consumption was 80.03 %. The mean and standard deviation scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance of health volunteers were 11.09 ± 2.90, 59.82 ± 2.23, and 41.11 ± 9.50 respectively. The results suggested that the average scores of knowledge and attitude among those with academic degrees were higher than that of other participants and this relation was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). The attitude of married subjects compared to single volunteers' was more positive and there was a significant difference between their attitude and income levels. According to the results, there was a positive and significant correlation between knowledge and attitude as well as attitude and performance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of health volunteers in Yazd regarding cutting down paper consumption is at a satisfactory level. This suggests that trainings provided for them at different time intervals have been well enough. 109 116 2016/04/162017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 Hadi Eslami Hadi Eslami Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Iran Sahar GhalehAsgari Sahar GhalehAsgari Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Iran Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Iran mtghaneian@yahoo.com Hassan Rezaeipandari Hassan Rezaeipandari Elderly Health Research Center, Department of Ageing Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Iran Mohsen Amrollahi Mohsen Amrollahi Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran. Iran Knowledge Attitude Health Volunteers Paper Consumption. 1. Farzadkia M, Dalvand A, Taghdisi M. Evaluation of economic and environmental aspects of paper and paperboard recycling from municipal solid wastes of Isfahan city. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2008; 10(3): 237-46.##2. Nemati M, Hemmasi AH, Ebrahimpour Kasmani j, et al. Economically study on possibility of making floating paper from bagasse in Khouzestan province. J Appl Environ Biol Sci. 2011; 1(11): 487-91.##3. Garcia-Amorós J, Swaminathan S, Raymo FM. Saving paper with switchable ink. Dyes Pigm. 2014; 106: 71-3.##4. Schmidt JH, Holm P, Merrild A, et al. Life cycle assessment of the waste hierarchy–A Danish case study on waste paper. Waste Manag. 2007; 27(11): 1519-30.##5. Villanueva A, Wenzel H. Paper waste–recycling, incineration or landfilling? A review of existing life cycle assessments. Waste Manag. 2007; 27(8): S29-S46.##6. PIC. Tehran: Pattern correction of paper consumption in Iran. Paper informatino center; 2010.##7. Taghdisi M, Abolkherian S, Hoseini F. Determining the educational effectiveness on the women health volunteers’ empowerment and its influential factors of the west of Tehran health center-2009. Iran Occup Health. 2011; 8(2): 13-5.##8. Rifkin SB. A framework linking community empowerment and health equity: it is a matter of choice. J Health Popul Nutr. 2003;21(3): 168-80.##9. Ebrahimi A, Ehrampoosh M, Samaei M, et al. Survey of knowledge and practice of yazd people regarding municipal solid waste management in 2008. Toloo-e-Behdasht. 2011; 9(4): 80-8.##10. Salehi M, Kelishadi M, Zandye M, et al. The effect of female health volunteers education on knowledge and attitude of urban population about mental health in Isfahan province. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2005; 5(2): 111-9.##11. Gerayloo S, Karimian Kakolaki Z, Safdari F, et al. Effects of health education on the knowledge and attitude of health coordinators towards gestational diabetes in minoodasht, 2013. J Diabetes Nurs. 2015; 3(1): 19-28.##12. Alaei- nejad F, Abbasian M, Delvarian-zade M. Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and skills among the health volunteers regarding the breast self-examination in Shahroud. Journal of Knowledge & Health. 2007; (2): 23-7.##13. Mazloomi Mahmood Abad SS, Shahidi F, Abbasi-Shavazi M, et al. Evaluating knowledge, attitude and behavior of women on reproductive health subjects in seven central cities of Iran. J Reprod Infertil. 2007; 7(4): 391-400.##14. Heshmati H, Rahaei Z, Hazavehei S, et al. Related factors to educational behaviors of health volunteers about cutaneous leishmaniasis on the basis of BASNEF model in Yazd. Journal of Health. 2010; 1(3): 48-56.##15. Bayati A, Eshrati B, Jafari M. Effect of first aid educational program in health volunteers, rescue method during disasters in Arak. Arak Medical University Journal. 2009; 12(2): 1-7.##16. Taghdisi M, Abolkheirian S, Hosseini F. Effectiveness of education and its influential factors on empowerment of the health volunteers in the west of Tehran health center. Iran Occupational Health journal. 2011; 8(2): 24-30.##17. Ramazani A, Miri M, Shayegan F. Effect of health education on health coordinating volunteers of Birjand health center to promote the community healthy life styles. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2007; 14(4): 9-15.##18. Webb M, Morancie A. Food safety knowledge of foodservice workers at a university campus by education level, experience, and food safety training. Food Control. 2015; 50: 259-64.##19. Toth A, Chis C, Mateoc T, et al. Impact of population education level on incomes and life quality in the rural area, the case study. Managing innovation and diversity in knowledge society through turbulent time: Proceedings of the MakeLearn and TIIM Joint International Conference. 2016; Timisoara, Romania.## #### ##

Removal Efficiency of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Heavy Metal by Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System from Municipal Wastewater (Yazd-ICEAS) 2 2 Introduction: Sequential batch reactor (SBR) is one of the modified biological treatment systems which is able to remove BOD5, Nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater. The object of this study is to determine the removal efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals from municipal wastewater by the advanced SBR system. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on advanced SBR in Yazd city wastewater treatment plant during a one-year period (from September, 2014 until August, 2015). The samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the advanced SBR as a composite in order to measure BOD5, TKN, NH4+, TP parameters, and heavy metals monthly. Also, statistical t-test was used to compare heavy metals quantities with standard ones. Results: The results showed that the mean of removal efficiency of BOD5, TKN, NH4+, and TP were 92.24, 80.36, 90.41, and 66.41 percent, respectively. Also, the removal efficiency of Iron (Fe), Plum bum (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Zink (Zn), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) were 47.77 %, 40.71 %, 24.79 %, 12.29 %, 5.70 % and 5.65 %, respectively. Conclusion: The high removal efficiency of BOD5, TKN, and NH4+ showed that this advanced SBR system had an appropriate efficiency for nitrification. Phosphorus removal (TP) had a lower efficiency than those of NH4+ and TKN, but it was within the environmental standard limits. On the other hand, in the advanced SBR the removal efficiency of heavy metals for Cd was not within the standard limits. 117 125 2016/04/162017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 2016/08/102017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/92017/08/9 1396/5/18 Seyed Vahid Ghelmani Seyed Vahid Ghelmani Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Iran Seyed Abolghasem Mirhosseni Dehabadi Seyed Abolghasem Mirhosseni Dehabadi Environmental Pollutions Department, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Iran mirhosseinid@yahoo.com Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran. Iran Hadi Eslami Hadi Eslami Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran. Iran Wastewater Nitrogen Phosphorus Heavy Metal 1. Zazouli MA, Ghahramani E, Ghorbanian AlahAbad M, et al. Survey of activated sludge process performance in treatment of agghala industrial town wastewater in Golestan province in 2007. Iran J Health Environ. 2010; 3(1): 59-66.##2. Shahi DH, Eslami H, Ehrampoosh MH, et al. Comparing the efficiency of cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites australis in municipal wastewater treatment by subsurface constructed wetland. Pak J Biol Sci. 2013; 16(8): 379.##3. Panswad T, Doungchai A, Anotai J. Temperature effect on microbial community of enhanced biological phosphorus removal system. Water Res. 2003; 37(2): 409-15.##4. Loganathan BG, Sajwan KS, Sinclair E.et al. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates in two wastewater treatment facilities in Kentucky and Georgia. Water Res. 2007; 41(20): 4611-20.##5. Sekomo CB, Rousseau DP, Saleh SA, et al. Heavy metal removal in duckweed and algae ponds as a polishing step for textile wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng. 2012;44:102-10.##6. Sonune A, Ghate R. Developments in wastewater treatment methods. Desalination. 2004; 167: 55-63.##7. Fernandes H, Jungles MK, Hoffmann H, et al. Full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for domestic wastewater: performance and diversity of microbial communities. Bioresour technol. 2013;132:262-8.##8. Mohan SV, Rao NC, Prasad KK, et al. Treatment of complex chemical wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with an aerobic suspended growth configuration. Process Biochem. 2005; 40(5): 1501-8.##9. Sathian S, Rajasimman M, Radha G, et al. Performance of SBR for the treatment of textile dye wastewater: Optimization and kinetic studies. Alexandria Eng J. 2014; 53(2): 417-26.##10. Zeng W, Yang Y, Li L, et al. Effect of nitrite from nitritation on biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor treating domestic wastewater. Bioresour technol. 2011; 102(12): 6657-64.##11. Dutta A, Sarkar S. Sequencing batch reactor for wastewater treatment: recent advances. current pollut rep. 2015; 1(3): 177-90.##12. Eslami H, Hematabadi PT, Ghelmani SV,et al. The performance of advanced sequencing batch reactor in wastewater treatment plant to remove organic materials and linear alkyl benzene sulfonates. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences. 2015; 7(3): 33-9.##13. Metcalf E, Eddy H. Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2003.##14. Pazoki M, Takdastan A, Jaafarzadeh N. Investigation of minimization of excess sludge production in sequencing batch reactor by heating some sludge. Asian J Chem. 2010; 22(3(: 1751.##15. Takdastan A, Mehrdadi N, Torabian A,et al. Investigation of excess biological sludge reduction in sequencing bach reactor. Asian J Chem. 2009; 21(3): 2419.##16. Ganigué R, Volcke EIP, Puig S, et al. Impact of influent characteristics on a partial nitritation SBR treating high nitrogen loaded wastewater. Bioresour technol. 2012;111:62-9.##17. Amin MM, Hashemi H, Bina B,et al. Complementary treatment of leachate using sequencing batch reactor. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management. 2014; 2(4): 216.##18. Bicudo J, Svoboda IF. Effects of intermittent-cycle extended-aeration treatment on the fate of nutrients, metals and bacterial indicators in pigslurry. Bioresour technol. 1995; 54(1): 63-72.##19. Bo L, Yun-hong L. Application of ICEAS in the 4th wastewater treatment plant in kunming city. Water Wastewater Engin. 2006;3:11-5.##20. Zhang Z, Zhou F. Domestic sewage treatment by modified ICEAS under low temperature condition. Technol Water Treatment. 2007; 33(4): 56.##21. Bitton G. Wastewater microbiology: Hoboken, New Jersey :John Wiley & Sons; 2005.##22. Ge S, Peng Y, Qiu S,et al. Complete nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater via partial nitrification by appropriately alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions in a continuous plug-flow step feed process. Water Res. 2014; 55: 95-105.##23. Jing S-R, Lin Y-F. Seasonal effect on ammonia nitrogen removal by constructed wetlands treating polluted riverwater in southern Taiwan. Environ Pollut. 2004; 127(2): 291-301.##24. Reid JH, inventor. Anaerobic lagoon or tank design for effluent carbon to nitrogen ratio control. United States patent US 9, 005, 442. 2015.##25. Zeinaddine HR, Ebrahimi A, Alipour V,et al . Removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater of seafood market by intermittent cycle extended aeration system (ICEAS). J health sci surveil sys. 2013; 1(2): 89-93.##26. Ahn KH, Song KG, Choa E, et al. Enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal using a sequencing anoxic/anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAM) process. Desalination. 2003; 157(1): 345-52.##27. Amini M. Phosphorus removal from dairy wastewater in batch systems under simultaneous aerobic/anaerobic conditions: application of response surface methodology. Int J Engintrans c: Aspects. 2015; 28(6): 855.##28. Pagnanelli F, Mainelli S, Bornoroni L, et al. Mechanisms of heavy-metal removal by activated sludge. Chemosphere. 2009; 75(8): 1028-34.##29. Hu Z, Chandran K, Grasso D,et al. Impact of metal sorption and internalization on nitrification inhibition. Environ sci technol. 2003; 37(4): 728-34.##30. Kornaros M, Lyberatos G. Biological treatment of wastewaters from a dye manufacturing company using a trickling filter. J Hazard Mater. 2006; 136(1): 95-102.##31. Liu Q, Liu Y. Distribution of Pb (II) species in aqueous solutions. J colloid interface sci. 2003; 268(1): 266-9.##32. Sirianuntapiboon S, Hongsrisuwan T. Removal of Zn2+ and Cu2+ by a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Bioresour technol. 2007; 98(4): 808-18.##33. Fu F, Wang Q. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review. J Environ Manag. 2011; 92(3): 407-18.## #### ##