Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development

en Biodecolourization of Azo Dye under Extreme Environmental Conditions via Klebsiella quasipneumoniae GT7: Mechanism and Efficiency Environmental pollution Original articles <div style="text-align: justify;">Introduction: Biodegradation of azo dyes under harsh environmental conditions has been of great interest for the treatment of colored effluents. The present study aims to evaluate Klebsiella quasipneumoniae GT7 for degrading azo dye Carmoisine under extreme pH conditions and high salinity. Materials and Methods: The growth profiles of bacteria were compared under different conditions of salinity and pH, using the optical density and viability measurements. Kinetic patterns of decolourization by GT7 were investigated under different concentrations of NaCl and/or pH, through the spectrophotometry method. Moreover, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to evaluate the biotransformation of Carmoisine into aromatic amines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to analyze any morphological changes in bacteria under stress conditions. Results: GT7 showed OD-based growth and sustainable viability under [NaCl] ≤ 15% and/or initial pH between 3-11. The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state explained the bacteria's survival under attenuated growth due to bacterial inefficiency to maintain cytoplasmic osmotic balance, vital turgor pressure, and pH homeostasis. <a name="_Hlk104188237">Biodecolourization was accomplished during 48h, where Carmoisine was 50mg/l, [NaCl] ≤ 20%, and/or initial was pH 5-11.</a> <a name="_Hlk104188591">TLC, OD600nm and pH measurements as well as visual observation of bacterial pellets at the end of the decolourization confirmed biodegradation as the dominant mechanism, except for pH 3, where dye was removed via adsorption to the cell surface. </a>SEM showed morphological alteration of GT7 from rod to coccoid shape as an approach to resist the harsh conditions ratio. Conclusion: GT7 is shown as an efficient strain for azo dye degradation in harsh environmental conditions.</div> Azo Compounds, Klebsiella, Salinity, Extremophiles, Coloring Agents. 1660 1675 http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-424-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Karimzadeh karimzadeh316@gmail.com 0000-0002-8093-8730 No Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Tayebe Bagheri Lotfabad bagheril@nigeb.ac.ir 0000-0003-1801-8367 Yes Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. Amir Heydarinasab a_heidarinasab@yahoo.com 0000-0002-0417-4863 No Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Soheila Yaghmaei yaghmaei@sharif.edu 0000-0003-4660-2149 No Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.