en Epidemiology Original articles <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> It has been proposed that dietary intake is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between intake of different food groups and occurrence of MS among the recently diagnosed adult patients in Yazd City, Iran.<br> <strong><em>Materials and Methods:</em></strong> In the current study, a group of 45 patients who have recently been diagnosed with MS and 100 healthy controls were investigated in this research. Participants were matched regarding their gender. Dietary intakes were assessed using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Participants also completed a demographic questionnaire including information such as age, gender, marital status, job, education, sun exposure, smoking, sunscreen, body mass index (BMI), economic status, as well as their spouses&#39; occupations and education. Logistic regressions in crude and multivariable-adjusted models were used to investigate the relationship between food groups and the odds of developing MS.<br> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> &nbsp;The findings showed that participants with high consumption of fruits, potatoes, refined grains, pickles, and fibers had a significantly lower chance for developing MS after adjustment for the maximum possible confounding variables (P < 0.05).<br> <strong><em>Conclusion:</em> </strong>The present study revealed that several food groups or nutrients are associated with the development of MS.&nbsp; Further multi-central prospective studies including more participants are needed to confirm these results.</div> Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Food, Nutrients, Case-Control Studies. 1196 1210 http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-123-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Monire Fallah Yakhdani sokut2030@gmail.com 0000-0002-0682-2799 Yes Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Mohammad Mohammadi mohammadi.nut@gmail.com 0000-0001-6397-4409 No Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Amin Salehi Abargouei abarghuei@gmail.com 0000-0002-7580-6717 No Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Masuod Mirzaei mirzaei1212@gmail.com 0000-0001-6455-0747 No Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Abolghasem Rahimdel rahimdeh@gmail.com 0000-0003-3342-2691 No Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Zeynab Abaszadeh Fathabadi abbaszade12@gmail.com 0000-0002-1112-5201 No Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Maryam Dolatabadi dolatabadimaryam222@gmail.com 0000-0003-3872-0241 No Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Maryam Entezari entezadihj@gmail.com 0000-0001-6305-7045 No Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Ali Asghar Ebrahimi Ebrahimi20007@gmail.com 0000-0001-8542-5291 No Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.