Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development

en Household Wastewater Management in Arid Urban Areas: Assessing Behavioral Practices and Systemic Barriers in Yazd, Iran Water quality and wastewater treatment and reuse Original articles <div style="text-align: justify;">Introduction: Rapid urbanization and improving living standards have increased domestic wastewater generation, placing additional pressure on water resources in arid regions. This study investigated the knowledge, practices, and perceived barriers related to household wastewater management among women in Yazd, Iran, a water-scarce city with limited sewerage infrastructure. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 491 participants using a validated questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, wastewater management knowledge, self-reported behaviors, and perceived barriers. Descriptive statistics and Pearson ’s correlation analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: The findings revealed moderate levels of knowledge (6.92 ± 2.27 out of 11) and suboptimal wastewater management behavior (35.8 ± 7.8 out of 60). Although participants demonstrated relatively high awareness of the environmental impact of wastewater, important gaps were identified in practical water conservation knowledge and greywater reuse concepts. The most frequently reported barriers were the high cost of water-saving equipment (60.7%), insufficient water pressure (46.0%), and limited public awareness of water conservation methods (43.6%). Perceived barriers showed a strong negative association with household wastewater management behaviors (r = −0.625, p < 0.001), whereas knowledge alone was not significantly associated with behavior. Conclusion: Improving household wastewater management in arid urban areas requires integrated behavioral and infrastructural interventions. Public education, financial incentives, and expanded sewerage infrastructure could promote sustainable practices and advance Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) in water-stressed regions.</div> Wastewater Management, Water Scarcity, Conservation of Water Resources, Behavior, Sustainable Development Goals, Yazd, Iran. 3022 3031 http://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-81-5&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Behnaz Lookzadeh lookzade92@gmail.com No Environmental Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Zohreh Rahaei z_rahayy@yahoo.com 0000-0002-5959-5390 No Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian mtghaneian@gmail.com 0000-0002-6665-2226 No Environmental Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Sara Jambarsang s.jambarsang@gmail.com 0000-0002-8295-7812 No Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Maryam Gholami gholami313114@gmail.com 0000-0001-7310-8600 Yes Genetics and Environmental Hazards Research Center, Abarkouh School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Siavash Pakdel ssh.pakdel@gmail.com No Yazd Water and Wastewater Co. Yazd, Iran